The former player: 'I really wanted to continue playing'
Important note: This article contains descriptions of discriminatory comments and conduct
FormerEngland player Luther Burrell claims that speaking out to reveal racial discrimination in rugby union led his career to an early end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the game, showing digital communications and remembering training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to end my career because of what occurred," he told reporters.
"I hoped to carry on competing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when word came out that there were investigations underway.
"That was challenging - I had to just accept the outcome and understand that this whole situation is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization report in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not gather sufficient evidence to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly excluded for their team for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told journalists he also faced prejudice within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him earn 15 appearances after his debut in February 2014.
"I've had several distressing experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"It's something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the problem that I've myself suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a extended period you just learn to think that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was eventually motivated to go public after a fellow player at Newcastle called him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the elite game and to the introduction of an strategy for the elite level."
"The organization has given considerable attention on inclusion and diversity in the sport and a great deal of work completed both before and after Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his encounters of racism and classism," it continued.
"We are continuing work with teams and partners in the elite level to strive for a culture of acceptance but acknowledge this takes time and is an ongoing process."
Every Premiership and PWR club now has in-person education on creating welcoming cultures, with its success monitored via specific documentation and feedback.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to step in and protect others from harmful behaviour.
"You be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this impact on you and finished your playing days, but in our eyes, you have done so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away soon after the filming of the documentary, and his sibling passed away earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the sport more open.
His 12 Foundation aims to reach children in disadvantaged communities and support them succeed both on the field with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My intentions are pure, I want to see the evolution of the game and if others is willing to share their experience then I'll continue to advocate for that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he explained.
"Everyone involved have an responsibility to make the sport as great as it can be and the more I talk about it perhaps the more confident others will become about discussing their personal experiences as well.
"I need to grab the challenge by the opportunity and continue bearing this banner and keep carrying this weight and accomplish what I can to create possibilities and make the game more attractive and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of poverty and I sincerely believe that the sport has the potential to change their lives, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in November 2022